COMPARISON BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT THEORY

Firstly, the scientific management approach is based on the concept of planning of work to achieve efficiency, standardization, specialization and simplification. The approach to increased productivity is through mutual trust between management and workers. Taylor (1947) proposed four principles of scientific management:

a)      Science, not rule-of-thumb;

b)     Scientific selection of the worker;

c)     Management and labor cooperation rather than conflict; and
 scientific training of workers.

The concept of scientific management was developed by Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) in late 19th century. The core idea of scientific management was to increase the efficiency of workers through rationalization and standardization of work. The main concepts and techniques used to achieve increased efficiency were division of labour, time and motion studies, work measurements and piece-rate wages

Secondly, the administrative theory was propounded by Henry Fayol and is based on several principles of management. In addition, management was considered as a set of planning, organizing, and training, commanding and coordinating functions.
The concept of administrative management was introduced by Henry Fayol (1841-1925) and focused on the management process and principles of management. He created a functional approach to management and argued that management is a universal process that consists of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. 

The similarities between scientific and administrative Management are as follows.

Both Scientific and Administrative management shared a common goal - to increase the efficiency of the organization. As well as a common goal both management theories shared the following principles: 
1. Work was divided into specialized task easy enough to learn and to be performed efficiently (division of labor).
2. Managers were responsible for assigning the tasks to employees and for guiding them to achieve organizational goals (unity of direction).
3. Payment for work was related to one’s efficiency and ability to meet the set targets (remuneration).
4. Managers and workers shared the common goal which was the foundation for cooperation between them (spirit de corps).
5. Managers were responsible for the employee work and efficiency of the organization.
6. Managers were obliged to threat employees fairly.

Basis	Scientific Management Theory	Administrative Management Theory
i.                 Developed by	It is developed by F.W Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilberth , William H Leffingwell, Henry L Gantt and Harrington emerson.	It is developed by Henri Fayol, Max Weber, Chester Barnad and Mary Parker Follet.
ii.               Principle	Standardization, Time and Task study, Systematic selection and Training, pay incentives and Close Cooperation between Managers and Operatives.	14 principle of Fayol as the effective principles of management.
iii.             Contribution	It is the foundation of modern management theory and practice. It is also valuable insights into production efficiency and devised techniques of reducing wastage.	It was focused on how organizations be structured most effectively to meet their goals. It identified important management process, functions and skills.
iv.             Influence theory	Taylor principle is most influence that is used in all the sector of management that there is ONE BEST WAY OF DOING EVERY THING.	Fayol and Max Weber focused only in boundary of organization as a Function of management and bureaucratic organization.
v.               Standard	It is established by facts and truth (Gained through systematic observation).	Henry Fayol states that the standard are maintained through  series of management principle by looking or help of manager’s job planning, organizing, commanding and coordinating and controlling.
vi.             Solutions  to problems	a.                How to increase the output of the average worker b.               How to improve the efficiency of management	a)     How to solve management problems. b)     How to solve organizational problem.